Exterior view of Qalʿat Arwad (citadel)

Exterior view of Qalʿat Arwad (citadel)

Hama, al-Mudiq castle, A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers

Hama, al-Mudiq castle, A side of al-Mudiq castle shows some of its towers

General view of Jaʿbar castle

General view of Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Hama, General view of al-Madiq castle from the southern side

Hama, General view of al-Madiq castle from the southern side

General view of Masyaf Castle

General view of Masyaf Castle

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Euphrates valley south of Qalʿat Najm as it looked before the flooding of lake Tishrin

Euphrates valley south of Qalʿat Najm as it looked before the flooding of lake Tishrin

Jurn Kabir, a typical old house of the Euphrates valley near Qalʿat Najm with a large log (willow) transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Jurn Kabir, a typical old house of the Euphrates valley near Qalʿat Najm with a large log (willow) transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Exterior view of Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn)

Exterior view of Krak des chevaliers (Qalʿat al-Husn)

View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

View on the Euphrates River from the site of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), Roman amphitheater

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

Excavation works, Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya)

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

Qalʿat al-Mudiq seen from the ruins of Afamiya

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

The northern entrance of the historical city of Dura Europos (Qalʿat as-Salihiyya), end of 4th century BC

At-Tabqa , Jaʿbar Castle, Bastion with loopholes.

At-Tabqa , Jaʿbar Castle, Bastion with loopholes.

Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle

Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle

at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls

at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls

at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls

at-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Towers of western walls

At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes

At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes